German C2: Word formation: prefixes & suffixes · Grammar

German builds words from parts. -bar means “can be done” (lesbar, readable); -los means “without” (arbeitslos); -haft and -lich make adjectives (fehlerhaft, kindlich). un- negates (unmöglich). The prefixes ver-, zer- and ent- change a verb’s meaning: zerbrechen (to break into pieces), entdecken (to discover), verschlafen (to oversleep). -heit, -keit and -ung make feminine nouns.